Intel Atom Processor

Intel Atom is the brand name for a line of x86 and x86-64 CPUs (or microprocessors) from Intel, previously code-named Silverthorne and Diamondville processors, designed for a 45 nm CMOS process and intended for use in MIDs, smart phones and ultra-mobile PCs meant for portable and low-power applications. Ultimately, it ended up being a preferred processor for netbooks.

Because they were targeted for low power consumption rather than performance the Intel Atoms benchmark significantly lower than processors designed for laptop and desktop use. The rough benchmark used by Intel is that the Atoms have about "half the performance" of (Dothan-512 core) Celeron 1.8 GHz processors.

OSI model

The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model.

A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives service from the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that make up the contents of the path.